HIV

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a lentivirus (a member of the retrovirus family) that causes acquired immudefiency syndrome (AIDS), a condition in humans in which the imunne system begins to fail, leading to life-threatening opportunistic infection. Infection with HIV occurs by the transfer of blood,semen, vaginal fluid, pre-ejaculate, or breast milk. Within theese bodily fluids, HIV is present as both free virus particles and virus within infected imunne cells. The four major routes of transmission are unsafe sex, contaminated needles, breast milk, and transmission from an infected mother to her baby at birth (vertical transmission). Screening of blood products for HIV has largely eliminated transmission through blood transfusions or infected blood products in the developed world.

HIV infection in humans is considered pandemic by WHO. From 1981 to 2006, AIDS killed more than 25 million people. HIV infects about 0.6% of the world's population. In 2005 alone, AIDS claimed an estimated 2.4–3.3 million lives, of which more than 570,000 were children. A third of these deaths are occurring in sub saharan,Africa, retarding economic growth nd increasing poverty. According to current estimates, HIV is set to infect 90 million people in africa, resulting in a minimum estimate of 18 million orphan. Antriretvorial treatment reduces both the mortality and the morbodity of HIV infection, but routine access to antiretroviral medication is not available in all countries.

HIV primarily infects vital cells in the humman immune systemsuch as Helper T cells (specifialy cd4⁺ T cells), Marchopages, and Dendritic cells. HIV infection leads to low levels of CD4⁺ T cells through three main mechanisms: firstly, direct viral killing of infected cells; secondly, increased rates of apoptosis in infected cells; and thirdly, killing of infected CD4⁺ T cells by lymphocites that recognize infected cells. When CD4⁺ T cell numbers decline below a critical level, cell-immediate system is lost, and the body becomes progressively more susceptible to opportunistic infections.

Eventually most HIV-infected individuals develop AIDS. These individuals mostly die from opportunistic infections or malignancies associated with the progressive failure of the immune system. Without treatment, about 9 out of every 10 persons with HIV will progress to AIDS after 10–15 years. Many progress much sooner.Treatment with anti-retrovirals increases the life expectancy of people infected with HIV. Even after HIV has progressed to diagnosable AIDS, the average survival time with antiretroviral therapy (as of 2005) is estimated to be more than 5 years. Without antiretroviral therapy, death normally occurs within a year.

Structure Of HIV

The Bermuda Triangle, also known as the Devil's Triangle, is a region in the western part of the North Atlantic Ocean in which a number of Air Craft and Surface vessel are alleged to have disappeared in mysterious circumstances which cannot be explained as Human Error, pirracy, equipment failure, or natural disaster. Popular culture has attributed some of these disappearances to the paranormal, a suspension of te law physyc, or activity by extraterestrial terres .

A substantial body of documentation reveals, however, that a substantial portion of the allegedly mysterious incidents in the Bermuda Triange have been inaccurately reported or embellished by later authors, and numerous official agencies have stated that the number and nature of disappearances in the region is similar to any other area of ocean .

- The Triangle Area :

The boundaries of the triangle cover the strais of Florida, the Bahamas and the entire Carribean island area and the Atlantic east to the Azores ; others add to it the Gulf Of Mexico. The more familiar triangular boundary in most written works has as its points somewhere on the Atlantic coast of Miami, San Juan, Puerto Rico ; and the mid-Atlantic island of Bermuda, with most of the accidents concentrated along the southern boundary around the Bahamas and the Florida Straits.

The area is one of the most heavily-sailed shipping lanes in the world, with ships crossing through it daily for ports in the Americas, Europe , and the Caribbean Islands. Cruise ships are also plentiful, and pleasure craft regularly go back and forth between Florida and the islands. It is also a heavily flown route for commercial and private aircraft heading towards Florida, the Caribbean, and South America from points north.

Red Giant Star

A red giant is a luminous giant star of low or intermediate mass (roughly 0.5–10 solar masses ) that is in a late phase of stellar evolution. The outer atmosphere is inflated and tenuous, making the radius immense and the surface temperature low, somewhere from 5,000 K and lower. The appearance of the red giant is from yellow orange to red, including the spectral types K and M, but also class S stars and most carbon stars.

The most common red giants are the so-called red giant branch stars (RGB stars) whose shells are stillinto helium, while the core is inactive helium. Another case of red giants are the asymptotic giant branch stars (AGB) that produces carbon from helium by the triple alpha process. To the AGB stars belong the carbon stars of type C-N and late C-R.

Prominent bright red giants in the night sky include Aldebaran (Alpha Tauri), Acturus (Alpha Bootis), and Gamma Crucis (Gacrux), while the even larger Antares (Alpha Scorpii) and Betelgeuse (Alpha Orionis) are red super giant.

Picture Of Red Giant

Supernova

A supernova is a stellar explosion . Supernovae are extremely luminous and cause a burst of radiation that often briefly outshines an entire galaxy, before fading from view over several weeks or months. During this short interval, a supernova can radiate as much energy as the suncould emit over its life span. The explosion expels much or all of a star's material. at a velocity of up to 30,000 km/s (a tenth the speed of light , driving a shock wave into the surrounding interstellar medium. This shock wave sweeps up an expanding shell of gas and dust called a supernova remnant.

Several kinds of supernovae exist that may be triggered in one of two ways, either turning off or suddenly turning on the production of energy through nuclear fusion. After the core of an agging massive star ceases to generate energy from nuclear fusion, it may undergo sudden gravitation collapse into a neutron star or black hole, releasing gravitational potential energy that heats and expels the star's outer layers. Alternatively, a whita drev star may accumulate sufficient material from a (usually through accretion, rarely via a merger) to raise its core temperature enough to ignite carbon fusion, at which point it undergoes run away nuclear fusion, completely disrupting it. Stellar cores whose furnaces have permanently gone out collapse when their masses exceed the chandra sekhar limit, while accreting white dwarfs ignite as they approach this limit (roughly 1.38. times the mass of the sun). White dwarfs are also subject to a different, much smaller type of thermonuclear explosion fueled by hydrogen on their surfaces called a nova. Solitary stars with a mass below approximately nine solar masses, such as the Sun itself, evolve into white dwarfs without ever becoming supernovae.

Picture Of Supernova

The World Top 10 Most Expensive Animal

1. White Lion ( 138.000 $ )

White Lion is a very rare because the animals are albino, and his unexpected genes of white skin pigment. White lion's eye color is similar to the ordinary lion, but the pigmentation of the fur and skin - not. For its price, strictness, and lack of maintenance, white lion, remains one of the most difficult animals acquired the world. Very rare white lions: the nature removed more than 10 years ago - they were removed from their natural habitat and only bred in captivity in South Africa. They also bred in zoos and circuses. Compared to the recently launched to try to return these animals back to natural Several individuals have already makes its first steps in nature, but all of their kinsman living in captivity.

2. Chimpanzee ( 60.000-65.000 $ )

Common Chimpanzee are found in Africa. It is threatened by extinction. Chimpanzees of the groups, whose size is constantly changing. Each group may be about 25 members, but the animals are constantly migrating from one team to another. Home chimpanzee food - the various plants. Chimpanzees weighing around 52 kilograms, while the male is usually slightly larger than females.

3. Lavender Albino Phyton Female ( 20.000 $ )

This Snake is very very beatiful kind. This snake can be found in Australia, New Zealand and others. Lavender albino can live in many place. Lavender is very expensive because this snake have a big exotic rating.

4. Reticulated Albino Type II Tiger Phyton ( 15.000 $ )

Albino Type II Tiger Phyton is very exotic animal. they didn't have many poison in this metabolism. This snake is friendly if you care to it .

5. Hyacinth Macau ( 6.500-12.500 $ )

These birds are approximately 1 meter in length and is bright blue. He lives in central and eastern South America.

6. Stripped Ball Phyton ( 10.000 $ )

Piton breeder, Bob Clark states that the yellow tape with black edges are what makes this animal very unique.

7. De'Brazza Monkey ( 10.000 $ )

They are widely distributed in central Africa and Ethiopia, and western Kenya, especially in forests near rivers and swamps. Monkey lives about 22 years. This is drove, territorial monkeys, which live in small social groups. Each group leader is the strongest male, the duty - to protect the group members. Females weighing 4 kg, and males - 7.5 kg.

8. Mona Guenon ( 6000 $ )

Marmoset monkeys widespread genus belonging to the West African tropical forests, but this animal is capable of adapting to any forest environment.

9. Savannah ( 4000-10.000 $ )

Bengal breeder Judea Franck was able to cross African wild cat and a domestic cat, while receiving the first voluntary in 1986 April 7 th. It is considered one of the larger domestic cat breeds. Early generation of voluntary may weigh 4,5-12 kg, later - 3,5-8 kg.

10. Chineese Crested Hairless Puppies ( 4000-5000 $)

It is very old and, perhaps, very interesting. Dogs world, has many unique characteristics, so it can find something for everyone, suitable for yourself. In horde are from 1 to 9 puppies, but often - 3-5. Chinese Dogs live a long time, about 11-14 years, which explains healthy genetics. Lack of fur - the genetic mutation, rather than a genetic defect. The ideal height of 23 to 33 cm, ideal weight is between 3 to 4.5 kg

The World Top 10 Most Dangerous Animal

1. Asian Cobra

There’s a reason why snakes have garnered such a bad name over the years. There are about 2 million people who suffer from snakebites every year throughout the world. More than 50,000 of these are fatal. The Asian Cobra is technically not the reptile with the strongest venom but, along with Russel’s Viper, it is the one that kills the most people annually. There are snakes in all parts of the world, but it is in Sri Lanka that they are most active.

2. Funnel-Web Spider

Arachnophobia is a very common fear among the population. Fortunately, spider bites are rat her rare and harmless. But being attacked by a venomous spider can put an end to your life in a matter of hours. The funnel-web spider, whose body length ranges from 0.5 - 2 inches, is the most dangerous in the world. Hailing from Australia, they have massive fangs that can bite through a fingernail. The male might even enter building in search of a female and will become aggressive if cornered or disturbed.

3. Killer Bees

The killer bees are the result of an experiment gone terribly wrong. Brazilian scientists wanted to breed a new species of honeybee in the 1950s, but some bees escaped and began mating with Brazilian honeybees. The result? The Africanized bee. While they look exactly like a regular bee and are less venomous, they travel in packs and therein lies danger. Whenever they hear you coming with a lawnmower or trimmer, they will attack you. Even if you run away, they will chase you as far as 1000feet and they can continue attacking you for up to 10 hours. The species has slowly but surely crept up from South America and is now invading the Southern United States.

4. Crocodile

Crocodile Dundee, The Crocodile Hunter… you’d think this was an animal to inspire fear in people. It is The North American, Nile, and Estuarine are the largest crocodile and therefore the most dangerous, especially saltwater crocs, which include humans on their list of prey. Again like most animals they attack when their hungry or defending their territory. The Australian estuarine crocodiles sometimes attack anything that moves. They lie still in the water and wait for their prey, then they overpower, drown and dismember their victim, before they devour their feast.

5. Box Jellyfish

Jellyfish are virtually road bumps in the ecosystem. They have no brain and only serve to eat zooplankton from the world’s oceans. To do so they extend their tentacles (ranging from 10 to 60), which secrete a toxic substance. These tentacles range from a few feet to 15 feet long. The box jellyfish, also known as the sea wasp, lives off the waters of Northern Australia and is the most poisonous sea creature in the world. This translucent being patrols the beaches, basically waiting for contact with its victim. The simple act of stepping on a tentacle can signify death in 4 minutes (but mere contact is not always fatal).

6. Great White Shark

The most dangerous subspecies of the shark family, the great white shark is not the largest (although it is the largest predatory shark). Unlike in the movie Jaws, sharks are not bent on revenge. If they attack humans it’s because they think were fish. Whenever they sense blood in the water, they get excited and it can trigger one of their famous feeding frenzies in which they will bite everything that moves. Sharks strike no matter what time of day or the condition of the water. Hunger, territorial, defence, movement, and mistaken identity are the main reasons for these attacks.

7. Lion

The lion is known as the king of the jungle ,and for good reason. The lion is the top of food in africa. The lounge around all day, hanging out with the family and strike when neccesary. Basicaly a Big Cat, they have razor sharp claws and teeth that can shred any animal including humans. These Beast are impressive but they are not to be missed with. They are fast and lethal, and nothing you can do can stop this african monster from attacking you .

8. Cape Buffalo

Also known as the African buffalo they are some of the most dangerous animals in Africa. This is not just a big com; it is a vicious beast that charges at humans seemingly for fun. Big game hunters cherish them for their malicious history. These animals spend their time grazing in herds but lone males are known to stray from the group now and then. They see man as a predator so when they see one they charge at him -1500 pounds (approx. 680kg) and all - and use their horns for stabbing. It is said the when wounded by a hunter, they pursue him until either the buffalo or the hunter is dead.

9. Elephant

Elephants are perceived to be peaceful and kind. What’s more is that they aren’t a predator. They are known to help other animals and be socially active in their group. While they are not in an epic war against humans they are sment by humanknown to turn on us rapidly, especially as a result of their abuse and harass. When caged or feeling the restraints of domesticated life, they can fall into a blind rage. They have been known to kill their handlers, as well as stampede tourists who show up to admire them.

10. Polar Bear

Bears are the puppy-dogs of the wild. They are so cute that people want to pet them… and that would be their first mistake. Polar bears are the largest carnivores on land; they eat ringed seals for breakfast but will settle for a young walrus or beluga whale. They’ve been known to kill humans who venture too close. Like black bears and grizzlies, its starvation that makes them dangerous. A smack from one of their paws can rip your head right off